ABSTRACT
Sustainability describes the potential to maintain the well-being of humans and the environment now and over the long-term. Circular economy offers a promising outlook. Circular economy describes an ecosystem in which resources are fully renewable, with reuse of products, components and materials, implying that natural assets are preserved. From a product life cycle perspective circular economy aims to avoid waste by closing the materials flow. Closing loops in business model innovation is about capturing the value from what is considered in a linear business approach as waste. Recycling is currently mainly driven by regulations enforcing the recovery of materials from particular classes of products. Circular product design aims to design products, components and materials in such a way that their environmental impact is minimized, while their economic value is optimally retained for as long as possible. Durability refers to long physical durability of a product.
