ABSTRACT
The world of the twenty-first century remains divided and burdened by violence, war, and instability, and by cultural and ethnic hierarchies, as well as the perceived superiority of the West over the rest. This chapter will focus on the question of whether or not the progress of a civilization depends on creating racial, national, linguistic, or religious homogeneity, as some states and strategists suggest. In domestic policy, Samuel Huntington strategizes immigration policy, while in international affairs he becomes the strategist of a clash in which Islam and the West become the contenders. For the supporters of leitkultur, however, it is only natural to propose and accept that the process of citizenship entails what is called "the Muslim Test". One of the central concepts in Ibn Khaldun's theory of human society is the concept of asabiyya, or social cohesion, group solidarity. Judaism, Christianity, and Islam are examples of the great monotheistic traditions that form trans-national and trans-ethnic communities.
