ABSTRACT
Even if people do not believe in Turing's strong AI-thesis, they often claim classical computational cognitivism in the following sense: computational processes operate on symbolic representations referring to situations in the outside world. If the symbolic representation A1 is decoded, then people get the real-world situation X1 as its meaning, i.e. decode (A1) = X1. As the symbolic operations are completely determined by algorithms, the real-world processes are assumed to be completely controlled. From a methodological point of view, the introduction of order parameters for modelling self-organization and the emergence of new structures is a giant reduction of complexity. Self-organization and pattern emergence can also be observed in neural networks, working like brains with appropriate topologies and learning algorithms. Controlled emergence must be guaranteed in order to prevent undesired side effects. Controlled emergence must be guaranteed in order to prevent undesired side effects. In a complex dynamical world, decision making and acting is only possible under conditions of bounded rationality.
