ABSTRACT
The preponderance of Indian Nations in Arizona and New Mexico are historically matrilocal and matrilineal. Among these are the theocratic pueblos of New Mexico, which pride themselves in preserving their culture and traditions yet exclude women from involvement in governance. Drawing on the personal stories of Native leaders from tribes in Arizona and New Mexico, we examine how culture and gender roles influence whether, and to what extent, women may participate in the politics and governance of their tribe. While the type of government is a critical factor in determining whether women obtain suffrage, a system based on the U.S. model does not guarantee democracy. However, structural opportunities for change empower tribal members to decide whether women should share leadership of their tribe with men. Having a voice in the community and a culture that values women increases the likelihood of women reclaiming their place in tribal politics.
