ABSTRACT
In this chapter, the authors highlight the contributions to the understanding of dynamics of social exclusion and inclusion that are integral to and resulting from the transnational production of the nation, the nation-state, and the welfare state. The dynamics of social exclusion are central to both the production of transnational social welfare and the consequences. The invention of the welfare state at the end of the nineteenth century and the first decades of the twentieth century has tamed the devastating impact of unbridled capitalism. From a transnational perspective the authors identify a change in this management of social exclusion/inclusion within, across and in-between nation-states. Bourdieu defines three primary and broad species of capital, or 'the energy of social physics' that provide the basic working elements of social exclusion: economic, social, and cultural. Social divides are the basis for profit-generation, and exploitation through the commodification of bodies is generated through the cumulative dispossession of capital.
