ABSTRACT
This chapter explores how to conceptualise the transport system from a co-benefits standpoint. It primarily focuses on two environmental benefits that can be gained from sustainable urban mobility measures: air quality (AQ) improvement and greenhouse gas (GHG) emission reductions. The chapter presents a conceptual framework for understanding urban mobility co-benefits and how intended benefits trace pathways through this framework. The chapter discusses how different policies can fit into the derivative Avoid-Shift-Improve (A-S-I) framework and includes considerations on data and policy formulation. The main objective of the framework is to identify the spectrum of elements which measure the effectiveness of a transport initiative and trace a pathway from the origination of a policy to the emissions it creates by first identifying the main driver which prompted the policy or project. Despite energy security having certain economic overtones, it is mostly associated with broader resource security considerations and the availability of a substitutable local resource.
