ABSTRACT
Data was collected in Denmark, Norway, and Sweden in January 2011. The survey is an integrated part of the European Employee Index.1 The respondents were randomly selected from different industries and subsectors. In order to participate in the survey, respondents had to qualify on all of the following screening criteria: 18 years or older, more than 25 hours of paid work per week, not self-employed, and active on the labour market (currently employed). To ensure unbiased and representative results, the sample was pre-stratified by gender, age, education, and geography in accordance with the Scandinavian labour market. The survey was sent to a panel of respondents. A total of 8,310 respondents, equivalent to 60 per cent of the panel, completed the questionnaire. In a previous study, this approach gave an effective response rate at around 20 per cent (Eskildsen et al. 2004). The questionnaire was self-reported. In particular, consistency has been demonstrated between self-reported and non self-reported scales in relation to innovative work behaviour (Janssen and Van Yperen 2004).
