ABSTRACT
Introduction Global warming is an international issue, because of the heavy usage of fossil fuels, the amount of carbon dioxide (CO2) in the atmosphere has been increasing ever since the industrial revolution. These unprecedented CO2 levels will probably double up by the end of the Twenty first century, and it is plausible that the elevated CO2 levels may result in cataclysmic effects. The shipping industry is not included in the mandatory emission reduction list in the “Kyoto Protocol” However, as the global climate problem turns severe, countries in Annex I in the “Kyoto Protocol” and the EU are beginning to pay attention to it.
