ABSTRACT
This chapter outlines cyber risks of the financial sectors in Japan, South Korea and China countries while mostly focusing on Japan. Then it deals with cyber risks in financial sectors and governmental institutional responses, which continue to be the most important actors in East Asia. The National Diet of Japan passed the Cyber Security Basic Act in early November 2014 to fulfil policy goals set by the 2013 Cyber Security Strategy. One of them was to strengthen the roles and functions of the National Information Security Center (NISC), but the Cyber Security Basic Act changed it to the National Center of Incident Readiness and Strategy for Cyber security. The Information Security Policy Council (ISPC) was also reorganised as the Cyber Security Strategy Headquarters (CSSH). Both the NISC and the CSSH gained more authority than before. Japan is receiving more attacks in cyberspace than in the other four operational domains and needs to invest more to defend social systems and infrastructures.
