ABSTRACT
This chapter describes the good practices evident in inclusive, broad-based responses to human trafficking in communities as well as at the national level. The field of work that encompasses anti-trafficking in human beings or counter-trafficking has evolved from both the bottom up and the top down. An example of bottom-up responses in the United States is that local women's shelters and women's organizations have identified victims of domestic servitude and domestic violence at the hands of Ameri can husbands met online through international dating services. In the US, community-based responses have been vital in addressing victim needs as well as informing the federal legislation, especially in the reauthorizations of the Trafficking Victims Protection Act in 2003, 2006, 2008, and 2013. Anti-trafficking efforts without a common framework of definitions and laws face barriers in effecting any common activities; moreover, analysis by practitioners and academics has noted that anti-trafficking efforts can worsen conditions for victims as well as other migrants.
