This chapter discusses environmental sustainability issues in the surfboard-making industry, and dilemmas that arise as a consequence of uneven regulation, and the industry's combination of structural economic features and sub-cultural origins. Sustainability issues for surfboard-making are nevertheless also refracted by a combination of factors that pertain to the local contexts of production. The chapter then describes how sustainability issues are exacerbated by the industry's highly informal, sub-cultural 'scenes', from which surfboard manufacturing emerged in an incremental, haphazard fashion with minimal regard for environmental impact and regulation. It discusses survey attempts after Blank Monday to improve environmental sustainability performance in the industry. A host of environmental problems is associated with the above processes of making surfboards: use of non-renewal materials, carbon emissions, toxicity of petrochemicals, environmental pollution, waste disposal problems and health impacts from the production process itself. Much of the innovation in ecologically sustainable surfboards has emerged from California – where environmental regulation has been strictest.