Introduction

This introduction chapter presents an overview of key concepts discussed in the subsequent chapters of this book. The most common image of the Arab states in the media and in most of the literature is, on the contrary, one of weak states precariously ruling over highly segmented societies. The emphasis is laid on the multiple lines of division honeycombing Arab politics along ethnic, religious and linguistic grounds. Integration from the Latin integer, which remains unchanged in English is the process whereby differences are gradually overcome and homogeneity is created. It is convenient to differentiate between integration and unification; the former refers to economic, cultural or societal processes, the latter has a predominantly institutional content. Integration is a multidimensional process and need not happen in parallel at all levels economic integration is largely independent of linguistic or cultural or religious or social integration.