ABSTRACT
A local environment can lose its ability to control crime when CPTED features fail. This can happen through four processes: (1) Mismanaging space; (2) changing how space is used; (3) growth and expansion; and (4) deterioration and retraction. Thus, good design cannot be counted on as a permanent solution. Crime Prevention through Environmental Management (CPTEM) is essential to maintain the success of CPTED. Such management includes maintaining existing CPTED measures but may also involve longer-term planning and adjusting for new uses of space. Empirical examples illustrate processes three and four above. We propose that the underlying mechanisms driving the processes are best explained by concepts from environmental criminology.
