ABSTRACT
Engel advocates that there are no good reasons for animal-based biomedical research. From the standpoint of humans, there have sometimes been some devastating effects from applying findings from animal studies to humans-both because of false positive and false negative test results. Because of the greatly compromised value of applying nonhuman animal test results to human medicine, he argues that there is no moral justification for harming or killing research animals in the pursuit of faulty knowledge.
