ABSTRACT
Minteer and Collins note that there are less clear boundaries between zoo-and aquarium-based conservation and field based approaches as zoos and aquariums become more active in field conservation work and as researchers and managers consider more intensive interventions in wild populations and ecosystems to meet key conservation. These new trends raise significant ethical concerns about human intervention in populations and ecosystems, including the proper role of zoos and aquariums as centers for animal research and conservation.
