ABSTRACT
This chapter provides an overview of the process and outcomes of European Union (EU) norm export to regulate energy sectors and transnational infrastructure across the neighbourhood. It illustrates 'EU External Energy Governance' as the leitmotif of EU external energy policy in the neighbourhood and its diffusionary logic. During the 2000s, the EU has supplemented EU External Energy Governance by regional multilateral instruments. The chapter presents the different 'concentric circles of energy co-operation and integration', which have come to emerge in Europe's neighbourhood. By analysing the different instruments promoting EU norms through the prism of the distinct modes of 'EUnilateral' and 'decentred' EU External Energy Governance, the chapter focuses on the limits of EU norm export in the neighbourhood in terms of convergence. The European Neighbourhood Policy is the overarching framework of EU norm export. The chapter argues that while the EU can transfer its precise norms in the 'inner ring', made up by the energy community.
