ABSTRACT
Several current groundwater governance and spatial planning challenges are beset with high levels of complexity, conflict and uncertainty – so-called ‘wicked’ problems. These dilemmas are increasingly encountered in the public policy and academic spheres as groundwater resources become depleted or polluted. Along with groundwater resources, this paper focuses on vertical frontier problems, which are between groundwater and surface land use. Thus, the role of spatial planning for the discussion is fundamental.
