ABSTRACT
As the other chapters in this volume demonstrate, the ethical issues that arise when social scientists conduct experimental research are wide ranging. Experiments involve risks of harm to participants and require protection of confidentiality and subjects’ right to refuse or withdraw participation. Experiments can also provide benefits to participants, and, in fact, researchers are expected to ensure benefits outweigh risks. But what about the fairness or ethics of withholding benefits from populations excluded from participating in research?
