ABSTRACT
The neurosciences are acquiring an outstanding scientific relevance. This chapter discusses the way in which the neurosciences describe human capabilities. It focuses on how these descriptions are attracting human sexuality and theology into a new field of knowledge called fundamental neurotheology. Neurosciences form certain knowledge that some voices describe as revolutionary and affect the whole of life as we conceive it right now. Its aim is to understand what happens in our nervous system. Despite being an area of recent research it has already diversified its objectives, perspectives and methodologies. To clarify this diversification, they can be grouped into two major perspectives. The first is the neuro-theological perspective, which is presented as the neuroscientific study of religious and spiritual experiences; the second emphasizes the data on the functioning of the brain, but discussed from a theological or religious perspective – the chapter calls it neuro-theological.
