ABSTRACT
This chapter presents a conceptual framework for citizenship education in a global age, with particular reference to ASEAN countries. This framework has three main features in which citizenship is described as multi-faceted, multi-layered, and multi-dimensional. In government policy documents of ASEAN countries, the layers of citizenship are conceptualized and illustrated as concentric. As the common prefix multi suggests, citizenship involves relationships among various components, actors, space, and time. The global flow of people, technology, materials, and ideas at the national borders intensifies the relationships among these elements and diversifies the images of citizenship. National governments plan and implement citizenship education based on official and ideal images of citizenship. Teachers and pupils, however, envision citizenship in unique and myriad ways, depending on their personal, social, spatial, and temporal experiences. Based on international research on citizenship education, the concept of multi-dimensional citizenship was proposed by the Citizenship Education Policy Study Project (CEPS) to describe the complex nature of citizenship and citizenship education.
