ABSTRACT
Corruption in the planning of major events may start as early as during the bidding process, as demonstrated in the Salt Lake City 2002 Winter Olympic bid. 2 Likewise, corruption may not end with the opening of the event, as demonstrated in the gold medal decision in the 2002 Olympics figure skating competition in favour of the Russian skating duo. 3 The activities between these phases also provide many opportunities for corruption. Corruption affects almost all stages of the value creation chain, and in all groups of ‘stakeholders’, including nominations for positions, the allocation of TV or marketing rights and the commissioning of construction works for sports arenas and other venues. 4
