ABSTRACT
The Syrian constitution supports free speech and freedom of the press, of printing, and publication “in accordance with the law.” However, the government does not do so in practice. A 1963 emergency law authorizes the Syrian government to monitor all publications and communications, and to arrest those who commit crimes that threaten the safety and security of the state. It is illegal to criticize the president, his family, the military, and the Baath Party. Under the 1963 emergency law, the government has the power to determine “at will” what constitutes illegal reporting. For example, “false reporting,” which opposes the goals of the revolution, is prohibited, according to author William Rugh. The government can also override the constitution under the emergency law if it deems action by the press a threat to the country’s sovereignty or to Baathist ideology. Moreover, Rugh notes, Syrian journalists are in effect employees of the Baath Party and therefore must promote and support Baathist ideology.
