ABSTRACT
By the end of the 1920s the principle of cooperation with the USSR to build “socialism through non-capitalist development” was proclaimed as the official state policy of the Mongolian People’s Republic (MPR). An “Agreement on the Main Principles of Mutual Relations Between the USSR and Mongolia” was concluded on June 27, 1929, in Ulaanbaatar. Although top secret and not published at that time, this agreement in many respects defined the form and orientation of Soviet-Mongolian relations in the 1930s, as well as the general character of the Soviet presence in the MPR through 1936, when the USSR and the MPR signed a protocol closely linking their military forces; Outer Mongolian troops later fought and died side-by-side with the Red Army in the 1939 battle at Khalkhingol (Nomonhan), in the name of opposing Japanese expansion. 1
