ABSTRACT
In the original Government Is Us, I described three models of citizen participation that I had uncovered while doing research on energy policy in the 1980s (Timney 1998). Since then, I have expanded the three-passive → hybrid → active-to a graduated scorecard. This model rates different methods of citizen participation that can be used to judge the level of involvement of citizens in a public process and the extent to which they are genuinely part of the decision-making process.
