ABSTRACT
Urbanization involves collectively restructuring all economic factors, mainly in response to the needs of advanced industrialization. Around the world, modern urbanization as a restructuring of economic factors in space expresses itself in one of two organizational processes—the market organizational process under market economic systems or the planned organizational process under planned economic systems. In the market-organized process, there were many social and economic problems that caused governments in market economies to intervene in the process after World War II. The accumulation occurred instead through the imbalance in the terms of trade between agriculture and industry, with peasants paying high prices for what they got from industry while getting only low prices for what they sold in the other direction. The index of urbanization provides a crude quantitative index with no qualitative qualification. More precisely, the usual quantitative indices fail to reflect the characteristics and problems of urbanization under different systems.
