ABSTRACT
Professor Walter Fairservis, after investigating the appearance of civilization in Mesopotamia and the Nile Valley, suggests that early developments in these areas led to a culminative stage where writing for naming and accounting appeared, and that technological development reached a climax which created support for cities or states. He argues that such a culmination was followed by a stage of concern for and achievements involving abstract ideas of justice, happiness, human behavior, and the universals in man’s relationship to self and the cosmos, as well as universals in nature, epitomized in the character deities and those observable in natural life. He thus defines this latter stage as the actual presence of a civilization.
