ABSTRACT
"Cosmetic neurology" refers to the use of neurologic interventions to enhance movement, mood, and mentation in healthy people. This chapter discusses the ethical concerns that surround cosmetic neurology, including special concerns that apply to children and adolescents. It focuses on pharmacologic manipulations, although other interventions are available and likely to be used widely. Most pharmacologic cognitive treatments target catecholamine and cholinergic systems. Catecholamines consist of the brain neurotransmitters dopamine and norepinephrine involved in systems related to learning, mood regulation, and arousal. Cholinesterase inhibitors are used to improve attention and memory. These medications were developed to treat memory deficits in Alzheimer's disease but can be used in healthy people. Virtually all medications have potential adverse effects that range from minor inconveniences to severe disability or death. Ethical concerns about the use of enhancements in children are amplified when considering safety, authenticity, and autonomy. Several impediments limit their ability to conduct research into the effects of enhancing medications in healthy people.
