ABSTRACT
This chapter begins by introducing foundational concepts related to preclinical and prodromal states, including clarifying terminology and descriptions of early disease states in autism spectrum disorder, schizophrenia, and Alzheimer's disease. It describes the legal and ethical challenges triggered by preclinical and prodromal states associated with neurological and psychiatric disorders. The chapter explores challenges raised by biomarker or clinical testing for preclinical and prodromal states, including the benefits–risks assessment and interpretation of tests or screening. It discusses disclosure of results to patients, families, and potentially others. The chapter also discusses the role of stigma and risk of employment and insurance discrimination associated with an early disease state label. It also describes how early disease states trigger consequences and opportunities in preparing for disease onset. Psychotic disorders are characterized by symptoms that reflect a disruption of the patient's comprehension of reality, notably hallucinations, delusions, thought disorder, and disorganized behavior.
