ABSTRACT
The introduction of the Period for Integrated Study (PFIS) in the revised National Courses of Study (NCS) in 1998 played a major role in advancing the reform of the assessment of academic achievement in Japan. The PFIS aims to help students develop qualities and abilities to identify tasks, learn and think on their own, proactively make decisions and better solve problems. In other words, the PFIS values students’ proactive engagement in inquiry activities.
