ABSTRACT
This chapter considers the "Eight Year Research" of Tyler who is an advocate of the concept of evaluation, and small amounts of the enthusiasm for educational reforms. It introduces the new concept of evaluation that is translated into Japanese as educational assessment. The intra-individual assessment adjusts to the line of sight of students and attempts to assess the students comprehensively and developmentally. According to Toshio Nakauchi, who is the opinion-leader of attainment assessment, the role of educational assessment is to aim to secure the academic abilities that structure the right to live for the students. Objective-referenced assessment captures the degree to which the objectives are achieved by students, and if the guidance is insufficient, the educational activities of the teacher can be modified, or support can be provided regarding the educational activities of the students. Relative assessment creates an exclusive competition among students and disseminates the dogma of the survival of the fittest into the education in practice.
