An Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) can be diagnosed if a child has problems with social interaction and social communication as well as restricted interests and rigid and repetitive behaviours. In order to understand social, mental and emotional health difficulties (SMEHD) people need to consider mental health. Children with various SMEHD and Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) also have speech, language and communication needs (SLCN). Some children experience serious anxiety or phobias, including anxieties about separation or being with people. Adults need to provide plenty of language learning opportunities and should interact with children in ways which will help their language and communication skills develop. Emotionally responsive interactions like parenting programmes help to shape the developing brain. If people implement these techniques early enough it will hopefully mean that children are less likely to have continuing difficulties in interacting, learning and indeed with social, emotional and mental health.