ABSTRACT
Performance management in public administrations: trends and specificities The move towards performance management in the public sector is not new, although it has intensied during the past three decades, increasing formalized planning, control and reporting across all the OECD countries (Bouckaert and Halligan 2008: 29). The rst wave was the scientic management movement in the 1900s-1940s, introducing planning, programming and budgeting systems (PPBS) and management by objectives (MBO). The New Public Management (NPM) theory arose during the1980s to 2000, along with the Public Governance approach starting in the mid-1990s in the Scandinavian countries (Van Dooren, Bouckaert, and Halligan 2010). The evolution of performance management practices mirrors modernization trends: its focus shifted from rules and input regulation (Weberianism), to outputs and eciency (NPM) to outcomes and eectiveness (Public Governance) (Imperial, 2005: 395).
