ABSTRACT
The Arab Uprisings that began in 2010 in Tunisia and then spilled over into other Arab countries have so far had no major direct consequences for Lebanon's fragile political system, but pose considerable threats for the country's economic future. The economic costs of the Arab uprising in general and the Syrian refugee crisis more specifically, are of course much higher than the direct costs. Economic costs include not only the direct costs, but also go beyond them to include indirect costs. Lebanon's economy grew between 1989 and 1999 by more than 140". A World Bank report entitled "Lebanon Economic and Social Impact Assessment of the Syrian Conflict" conducted an impact study, which classified costs under two rubrics, "Human Development and Social Impact" and "Infrastructure Impact". Under "Infrastructure Impact" the report addresses the cost resulting from the increased demand for electricity, water and sanitation, and solid waste management and municipal services.
