ABSTRACT
This chapter considers the global nature of Lima since its founding by the Spanish conquistador Francisco Pizarro in the 16th century, examining the orders of indexicality that began during the colonial era and that continue to have an impact in the present. It analyzes Lima’s development as a global city in the present, highlighting the massive demographic changes that occurred in the 20th century and the impact of those changes on language use and language attitudes within the city, including the use of English. The chapter focuses on the impact that intense migration from the Andean highlands has had on the order of indexicalities as a result of language and dialect contact, demonstrating that maintenance or loss of vernacular features are manifestations of the subjective hierarchical evaluation of varieties as representations of high or low modes of communication and interaction.
