ABSTRACT
In Western multicultural societies, the political claims of diasporas and minority groups1 on redistribution and cultural recognition have been intensified. Nationstates have had to accept difference and, in many instances, have granted a variety of measures to counter social and political marginalisation (Song, 2007). But this does not mean that institutional practices and everyday social relations have changed. For example, while there has been an increase in levels of participation of multi-ethnic groups in European multicultural societies, and a more positive approach to difference and diversity in official policy on race, ethnicity and culture, there has also been an increase of quite intolerant public discourse and migration policies (Lentin and Titley, 2011).
