ABSTRACT
Higher education Concern to promote discussion-based learning in higher education gave rise in the 1970s to projects sponsored by the University Grants Committee and the Nuffield Foundation. And seminars on group work and discussion have become a regular feature of staff development programmes in higher education institutions. The most sustained attempt to work out an alternative structure for discussion-based learning is that of Collier, who developed the syndicate approach which combines small-group discussion and the economies of staffing that the lecture offers. The use of the gallery lesson is an illustrative example. Large numbers of children were seated in a galleried classroom in such an arrangement that the teacher could observe them all at once. People end this review with primary education even though they recognize that the formal conditions of discussion are unlikely to be met in the verbal exchanges of younger children.
