ABSTRACT
INTRODUCTION Probation and parole are critical parts of corrections. In 2011 (the latest figures available), more than 3.9 million adults were on probation, and more than 860,000 adults were on parole. High percentages of both probationers and parolees were on supervision for drug offenses (approximately 25% of probationers and 33% of parolees) (Maruschak & Parks, 2012).
