ABSTRACT
This chapter seeks to answer the following question: how has Brazil historically dealt with satisfying the main objectives of energy security and economic competitiveness? The Brazilian energy sector is extremely dynamic; nevertheless, hard challenges are expected in the near future. The Brazilian energy mix consists of a large chunk of renewable, which a very peculiar characteristic both is comparing to the developed and other developing countries. The industrial and transport sectors are mainly responsible for growing energy demand. The Brazilian energy mix also largely consists of fossil fuels. Regarding climate security, it is important to distinguish between the potential impacts of climate change on the Brazilian energy sector, and the impact of the energy sector on climate. Many critical points have been underlined under the perspectives of energy security, economic competitiveness and climate security. A larger than expected climate change impact could potentially impose changes in the planned future energy matrix and therefore, increase the demand for traditional energy.
