ABSTRACT
Egypt is facing a range of profound environmental challenges that would require both effective governance and billions of dollars of expenditure to address. The most serious domestic challenge facing the military upon its seizure of power in 2013, other than imposing security, was resolving the energy crisis that it inherited from the Mubarak era and which had intensified in the interregnum. Egyptians are to be made aware of their personal and their country's material and security dependence on the military. Egypt's struggle to square the energy–environment–growth triangle is important in its own right and for its broader implications. Egypt is, therefore, a country of global importance in that its failure thus far to square the energy–environment–growth triangle poses threats to itself and to others. Egypt is caught between slow growth, rapidly expanding energy needs and an environment under increasing stress.
