ABSTRACT

Ben Jonson set the Whitehall of his Cynthia's Revels in Diana's 'fustian country', Gargaphie. As Jonson's Zeal-of-the-land Busy exclaims, 'Peace, with thy Apocryphall wares, thou prophane Publican: thy Bells, thy Dragons, and thy Tobie's Dogges'. For the essential spirit of the saturnalian feast of misrule lives in its jovial freedom or licence, well set out by Ben Jonson in his Twelfth Night merriment, Time Vindicated: O, we shall have his Saturnalia, his days of feast and liberty again: where men might do, and talk all that they list: slaves of their lords, the servants of their master Time's come about, and promiseth all liberty, nay, licence. For Shakespeare's title issues the saturnalian invitation, Twelfth Night, or Fay Ce que vouldras, what you will, Liberty Hall. Shakespeare's colleague Robert Armin played not only Feste but Lear's Fool as well.