ABSTRACT
This chapter explores the link between natural resources and conflict. It determines the role of investment in conflict minerals. The complex nexus between natural resources and conflict is illustrated by the 'resource curse', which refers to the link between abundant natural resources and poor and inequitable economic development, weak governance, corruption as well as the associated political, social and environmental deterioration, which can lead to increased risk of conflict. Prior to reviewing the legal framework governing conflict minerals, the chapter explores the concept of sustainable development and its substantive principles. In 2006, the International Conference for the Great Lakes Region (ICGLR) agreed on the Pact on Security, Stability and Development for the Great Lakes Region which includes the legally binding Protocol against the Illegal Exploitation of Natural Resources. Global initiatives aimed at ending both the conflict minerals trade and the financial source of armed rebels in the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC) have had some successes.
