ABSTRACT
This chapter aims to analyse critically whether culture and heritage-led regeneration programmes in the derelict and former industrial cities of Liverpool and Lille are truly models of sustainable development. It analyses the economic impacts of the strategies and programmes of title accumulation and branding. The chapter analyses critically the social impact of these strategies and programmes. It focuses on two case studies: Lille in France and Liverpool in the United Kingdom. It then discusses the culture- and heritage-led regeneration programmes are considered as leading a priori to models of virtuous and sustainable development. Lille, in northern France, close to the border with Belgium, is the fourth largest metropolitan area of France, behind Paris, Lyon and Marseille. The city of Liverpool is situated in northwestern England. Economic impacts have often been identified as the main outcome of heritage-led regeneration programmes, as is also clearly the case for Lille and Liverpool.
