Introduction

This chapter discusses the issue of the transformation of transformation theory itself by discussing four recent developments. The four recent developments are democratic political and economic transformations in Eastern Europe in light of comparative survey research; populism and right-wing extremism; the new normative debate on democracy and the virtues and failures of populism and counterforces against populism, from post-democracy to neo-democracy. The production of hybrids which explicitly and collectively become part of a 'non-modern constitution' and an 'enlarged democracy' is a utopia based on the reunification of nature and society, which is not under way and so far remains a hope of the ecological movement. In the history of art, the idea is very familiar that for each movement which had developed a phase of 'post', propaganda would emerge after some years for a neo-movement, from neo-Impressionism to the neo-Dada movement.