ABSTRACT
This chapter presents an overview of transport-related social exclusion issues associated with rapid aging and population decline in the context of developed Asian countries. Key challenges lie in different scales from nation to neighborhood. On a national scale, shifting from a redistribution scheme to innovative solutions (in the sense of maintaining/improving public services without additional financial burden) would be crucial in order to maintain public services in a sustainable way. On a regional scale, car dependency and the associated land use patterns are the central issues, where out-of-home activity engagement is largely restricted by car availability. On a neighborhood scale, characterizing a neighborhood by exploring both regional and neighborhood accessibilities is needed in order to consider appropriate transport policies particularly for those who cannot use a car. After introducing some cases in Japan at each scale, we discuss some possible solutions and research challenges.
