ABSTRACT
This chapter provides an in-depth survey and analysis of the many cultural, political and economic shifts currently underway and the key challenges that the country faces. It considers what a successful transition in Myanmar might look like. A fundamental component of any transition to democratic society is adherence to international norms relating to democracy and a broad portfolio of human rights in the political, civil, economic, social and cultural realms. The political reform process underway in Myanmar therefore has major implications for the country's economic and cultural future. Inequality in Myanmar is significant and there is a growing global recognition, even in institutions such as the International Monetary Fund, that inequality and neoliberal economic models can stifle the full potential of economic development. Myanmar's natural resources and agricultural development provide avenues for addressing poverty throughout the country but only if such development is achieved through ecologically sustainable strategies that respect the rights of ethnic minority and local communities in decision-making.
