ABSTRACT
Archaeological theory is constituted by any set of general statements concerning any level of archaeological enquiry. Turning to Czechoslovakia, it might be useful to characterise in brief the situation of archaeological theory prior to the 1960s. The first half of the century was dominated by typological paradigms; more specifically, these took one of the following forms: either Montelius's typology, the diffusionism derived from the Vienna culture-historical school, Gustaf Kossinna in a mild, non-aggressive form. Prehistoric agriculture, however, cannot be effectively studied without some knowledge of the quantitative aspects of prehistoric communities and without taking into account the space in which prehistoric peasants lived and worked. Everything changed drastically after the Russian invasion of Czechoslovakia in 1968. In the post-war period there was little interest in the Indo-European question, but at least two attempts have been made. One of them is a development of traditional views; the other has been based on the continuity/discontinuity model.
