ABSTRACT
This chapter explores the damage done to the idea of 'open' by Massive Open Online Courses (MOOCs) as well as the damage done to the idea of 'ownership' by modern content companies. It then advocates for a return to a strengthened idea of 'open' that ameliorates both problems. The idea that someone, somewhere believes that open education means 'open entry to fully copyrighted courses with draconian terms of use' is beyond tragic. Consequently, after a decade of progress has been reversed by MOOCs, advocates of open education once again find ourselves fighting uphill to establish and advance the idea of 'open'. More recently, Mozilla has created and shared an open credentialing infrastructure through their open badges work. But little has been done to champion the cause of openness in the areas of competencies and assessments. Finally, it describes an open education infrastructure on which the future of educational innovation depends.
