ABSTRACT

This chapter explains the importance of theory in quantitative enquiry to the selection of an appropriate research paradigm, formation of research questions and hypotheses, development of measures and testing of relationships in the practice of research. It provides an overview of the concept and relevance of theory. Generally speaking, a theory should have four basic criteria: conceptual definitions, domain limitations, relationship-building and predictions. While domain limitations keep theories applicable to relevant areas, relationship-building implies that theories strive to make connections between two or more concepts. Following the scientific protocol of research, quantitative, qualitative and mixed methods are the three commonly accepted strategies, approaches or paradigms of enquiries. As a theory or set of theories provides directions and parameters for the formulation of research questions, hypotheses and measurement, it also offers hints for forming research designs, methods and even analytical procedures.