ABSTRACT
Actually, not all of the old things are gone now, and American Indians are not so different. It is easy to fall into sentimental notions about American Indians, thinking of us as historical artifacts instead of present realities. It is more accurate to see how American Indians have used new technologies to adapt to new cultures and preserve the old culture as much as possible. This produces a contemporary culture that is a mixture of various Indigenous and colonizing influences. There are four types of spaces within this type of hybrid culturestolen, sacred, self and shared (Kemper 2012, 2013). Stolen space is misappropriated culture; sacred space is protected culture; self space is retained culture; and shared space is disseminated culture, as explained below. Mobile technology facilitates shared space, where anyone inside or outside a culture can access language and other available cultural information.
