ABSTRACT
Until 2002, it was common knowledge in the scientific community as well as in the field of anti-doping that sport scientists had no means to reliably estimate the proportion of dopers among elite athletes. This was still questioned in 2010 by Lentillon-Kaestner and Ohl (2010). This conviction also implied a severe limitation to the believed possibility of testing theories on doping empirically as well as the estimation that the efficiency of anti-doping measures cannot be measured. In the recent past, the application of Randomized Response Techniques in doping research has allowed a more robust measurement of doping behaviors. This chapter will discuss the application of a Randomized Response method in the field of doping use and indicate how this method can generate reliable responses while maintaining confidentiality. As this chapter can only provide an outline of the development of this class of techniques, they will be described without reference to the mathematical background. Readers who are interested in applying these techniques by themselves should use the original literature, cited below or refer to literature reviews (e.g., see Lensvelt-Mulders et al. 2005; Lee 1993; Coutts and Jann 2011; Antonak and Livneh 1995) to become familiar with the mathematics behind these techniques.
